Gaps

Figure 1 = 3 dots, 3 sticks
Figure 2 = 4 dots, 5 sticks
Figure 3 = 5 dots, 7 sticks..and so forth

Find number of dots in figure 10
Method 1
1) Find the difference of each figures/terms/positions.  In this question, difference = 5-4 = 4-3 = 1 dot
2) To find Figure 10, = Figure 10 x Difference + (1st Figure - difference)
                                 = 10 x 1 + (3-1)
                                 = 12

Find number of sticks in figure 10
1) Find the difference of each figures/terms/positions.  In this question, difference = 7-5 = 5-3 = 2 sticks
2) To find Figure 10, =  Figure 10 x Difference + (1st Figure - difference)
                                 = 10 x 2 + (3-2)
                                 = 21
 ~~~~~~
When given the total number of dots, find the terms/position/figures.  Example 12 dots belongs to which position/term/figure
Method 1
1) Find the difference of each figures/terms/positions.  In this question, difference = 5-4 = 4-3 = 1 dot
2) To find Figure 10, =  Total dots - (1st Figure number - difference)
                                 = [12- (3-1)] divide by 2
                                 = 5

Method 2
1) Find the difference of each figures/terms/positions.  In this question, difference = 5-4 = 4-3 = 1 dot
2) To find Figure 10, =  [(Term number - 1st Figure number) + 1] divide by difference
                                 = [(12-3) +1] divide by 2
                                 = 5

P5 Science - Respiratory

AIR component

Concept map ~ Respiratory

Animals

Animals can be grouped under

• Vertibrates (animal with backbones)
• Invertebrates (animal with no backbone e.g. spiders, prawns...)

Animals can further classify into 7 groups

1. Mammals - e.g. human, dog, cat,
2. Birds - e.g. chicken, bird, eagle,
3. Fish - e.g. shark, crown fish...
4. Reptiles - e.g. crocodile
5. Insects - e.g. grasshopper, butterfly
6. Amphibians - e.g. frogs
7. Arachnids - spiders, scorpions (have 8 legs, exoskeleton)
8. Molluscs - scallop, oyster, cockle (soft-bodied protected inside a shell)
9. Crustacean - lobster, crab, prawn (have 10 legs, protected by shell, breathe through gills or gill chambers, no bones but have a stiff exoskeleton)

Mammals

1. Characteristics
• mammals give birth to young alive (but some lay eggs e.g. platypus, spiny anteater)
• feed their young with the mother's milk
• have 2 pairs of limbs, lungs for breathing
• have hair/fur
• warm-blooded
2. Example of mammals
• On land - human, dog, cat, cow, sheep, tiger, lion...
• In water - whale, dolphine, guppy, swordtail
• Both land and water - seal, walrus

Diversity

What is Diversity?
Diversity is the variation of living and non-living things around us.

What is Classification?
Clasification is the grouping of things according to the similarities and differences.

What is Characteristic?
Characteristic is the property of things e.g. they can run, feathers as outer covering.

Why is classifying things important?
Classifying things allows us to have an orderly and organised view of the things around us.

What are Living things?

• Living things are things that are alive.
• It can be grouped into 4 main groups - Animal, Plants, Fungi, Micro-organisms
• Their characteristics:
• they need air, water and food
• they have young / reproduce
• they grow
• the move by themselves
• they respond to changes
• they die

How do we classify living things?
We can classify them by their similarities and differences.  They can be grouped by

• their habitat (the place the live - e.g. land, water, underground, on the tree eg)
• the things they eat (herbivores, carnivores, omivores)
• their outer coverings (feathers, fur/hair, scales, shells..)
• the way they move (walk, swim, crawl, fly, glide...)
• the way they reproduce (laying eggs, give birth to young alive)
• their shape, colour, size (e.g. plant shape has round, palm shape etc..)